LEARNED. The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1924. -- LEARNED. The Quality of the Educational Process in the United States and in Europe. New York, 1927. -- LEARNED. Realism in American Education. The Inglis Lecture, 1932. Cambridge, MA, 1932. 2 volumes. -- LEARNED. The Student and His Knowledge. New York, 1938. -- DOUGLASS, Paul. Teaching for Self-Education: As a Life Goal. New York, 1960. -- With a photograph ca 1890, a photographic reproduction ca 1940, and a medal ca 1934. -- Condition generally fine.

 

Learned was an educational reformer in the United States who worked for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He was instrumental in conducting the Pennsylvania Study between 1925-1938, which sought to demonstrate how academic progress should be defined by a student's demonstration of knowledge on standardized tests. Learned helped to create an innovative test format consisting of multiple-choice, true-false, and matching items, which was a major breakthrough in education standardization.