American Art and Pennsylvania Impressionists

The present work will be included in the forthcoming Catalogue Raisonné of the artist's work being compiled by Cecily Langdale, of Davis & Langdale Company, Inc., New York. We wish to thank Cecily Langdale for her kind assistance in cataloguing this lot.

Reflections in the Pond is an important, early painting by Albert York, included in the artist's first solo-show at Davis Galleries in 1963. The show received good reviews, and all the included paintings sold out. This misty view of trees flanking a pond in which one of them is reflected was one of York's favorite motifs. About the work, scholar Martin Herbert says: "God knows what time of day or night it is – the scene looks dipped in precious metals." The painting, scarce in detail but strong in composition, is almost all about the ambient, eerie, atmosphere. In his 1975 essay about the artist, Fairfield Porter, who was one of York's early admirers, saw in the trees a reinterpretation of the myth of Baucis and Philemon, whom Zeus changed into trees at their death to grant them their wish to never be separated.

ALBERT YORK - A LIFE

“Albert York may be the most highly admired unknown artist in America.” Calvin Tomkins used this bold statement to introduce the artist to the public for the first time in a New Yorker profile on June 19, 1995. Twenty-six years later (and more than ten years after York's death), it still resonates, as the artist remains anonymous to most art historians, dealers and collectors, and his work is still relatively rare at auction. In fact, Albert York stands out in the panorama of American artists from the second half of the 20th century. A contemporary of Fairfield Porter, Andrew Wyeth and Milton Avery, his paintings explore a different vein of contemporary realism, seemingly void of any narrative, and voluntarily oblivious to the trends of contemporary abstract art, which York considered a totally "different world." York himself was somewhat of a mysterious figure. The only known image of the artist published in the New York Times portrays a rather handsome and imposing character, yet he also timidly looks away from the photographer, with a constricted smile on his face. York was known as a reclusive man, who purposely avoided the spotlights of the art world, declined interviews and did not seek fame through the traditional exhibition route. For a certain time, it was even speculated that York never in fact existed and was a persona invented by his dealer; even his own wife, Virginia M. Caldwell, is said to have discovered her husband was a painter a full six months after they were married.

York was born in Detroit in 1928, a year before the Great Depression. He spent a lonely childhood, deprived of the presence of his mother, and later his father as he progressed through boarding school alone in Michigan. Later in life, he went to live with his aunt while enrolled at the Ontario College of Art. However, York only spent one year there, before attending the Society of Arts and Crafts in Detroit. His experience, based mostly on drawing, was again cut short as he enrolled in the Army and was deployed to Korea. Upon his return to the United States in 1952, York settled in New York, where he stayed for most of his life until his passing in 2009. At first, he contemplated the idea of joining the Art Students League but was ultimately discouraged by the school's high fees. Eventually, he signed up for Raphael Soyer's evening painting classes - which he quickly abandoned to start working as a gilder in Robert Kulicke’s picture-frame workshop. It was there that York’s career took a drastic turn. A full ten years into their working relationship, Kulicke discovered York’s true talent and decided to introduce him to Roy Davis, a friend and fellow artist who ran an art gallery on the Upper East Side along with his wife, Cecily Langdale. Davis immediately believed in York and gave him his first solo-show in 1963, the year after Pop art broke out. Several more followed and soon, a small and loyal group of collectors became admirers of the artist's work. Among them were Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who owned five Yorks, Paul and Bunny Mellon (they owned three), Werner and Sarah-Ann Kramarsky (nine), Edward Gorey (five) and Lauren Bacall (three). Today, York's compositions can be seen in the collections of world-famous museums such as the Metropolitan Museum in New York, MoMA, the Cleveland Museum of Art as well as the Art Institute of Chicago.

York's works are characterized by a certain darkness (usually rendered via a myriad of muted, green hues), as well as by an economy of brushstrokes, which the artist applied on usually small-sized works, most often panel sheets he would find and pick up on his numerous construction jobs. There is a sense of quietness, privacy and almost isolation to his work, some being arguably uneasy and bizarre such as Trees and Pond (Lot 43) a work whose overall quietude and silent angst channels the mood of an Edward Munch. In fact, many of his works seem to rely on the tension between real and imaginary: are the flowers and trees that we see in the paintings real or dreamed? Although his subject matter is realistic and inspired by what he saw, York did not directly work from nature, en plein air. Instead, he always reinvented his subject, painting from memory several days later in his studio, to capture the "essence" of the subject. York wanted to share his positive and child-like view of the world, explaining: "I think we live in a paradise. This is just a Garden of Eden, really it is (...) It's just so beautiful, with the trees and everywhere here, and you feel you want to paint it.

As apparent in the six works on offer, especially Still Life: Green Apples (Lot 47) and Ostrich Feathers (Lot 45), York's paintings owe a great deal to European artists such as Édouard Manet, Paul Cézanne and Giorgio Morandi. His inspiration also remained rooted in American Art, with strong influences from Thomas Eakins, the Ashcan School as well as Albert Pinkham Ryder, whom York discovered during a visit to the Met: “the whole universe was there in those small pictures” he said. From Ryder, York borrowed a simplicity of forms and themes. Concise and modest, his panels stand out to the viewer with a disarming rawness and purity that convey sentimentality, and a lyrical quality, making the viewer feel the subject, be aware of its physicality, instead of passively viewing it. This trait has led him to be called the "Painter of the Ordinary," the one capable of revealing the inherent beauty of quotidian items, the one painting without fuss, but pure honesty, making Susan Rothenberg believe: “each time he paints, he paints for the first time." Such is revealed by the modesty of the present six works' format, title, medium and quick execution.

The six works on offer all are from the same private collection in Reading, Pennsylvania, and were directly acquired through York's lifetime dealer, Roy Davis. Their sale is an important milestone as never before have so many works by the artist been offered at the same time (York is said to have only painted about two-hundred works throughout a thirty-year long career). Reflections in the Pond (Lot 43), Jar of Wildflowers (Lot 44), Ostrich Feathers (Lot 45), Cow (Lot 46), Still Life: Green Apples (Lot 47) and Rose Against a Sand Background (Lot 48) reveal the trained eye and eclectic taste of their collector, who appreciated York's plain cow in a field as much as the lush bouquet of wildflowers in a jar. They also speak for York's incredible scale and versatility (although he was often critical of his work) as they feature all the simple, familiar subjects York was naturally drawn to, and which he explored through in a variety of media and formats, with a real sense of innovation and eye for beauty.